What is a functional behavior assessment (FBA)?

A functional behavior assessment (FBA) is fundamentally a process that seeks to identify the underlying purpose or function of a behavior. This comprehensive method involves gathering data to understand why a behavior occurs in specific contexts, which is crucial for developing effective intervention strategies. By analyzing factors such as antecedents (what happens before the behavior) and consequences (what happens after the behavior), practitioners can decode the reasons behind behaviors, whether they serve to gain attention, avoid a task, or fulfill a sensory need, among other functions.

This understanding of the behavior's purpose allows for the implementation of strategies that directly address the underlying issues rather than merely responding to the behavior itself. Consequently, interventions based on an FBA are typically more effective and sustainable because they target the root causes.

The other options misrepresent the role of an FBA. Rather than focusing on punishment, personal opinions, or simple checklists, an FBA aims to scientifically assess behavior through observation, interviews, and analysis of data to inform practical and ethical behavioral interventions.