What does 'contingency management' focus on in behavior analysis?

Contingency management focuses on the establishment of consequences to encourage behavior change. This approach is rooted in the principles of operant conditioning, which emphasize that behavior is influenced by the consequences that follow it. In this context, when specific behaviors are followed by reinforcing consequences, the likelihood of those behaviors being repeated increases. Conversely, if behaviors are followed by punishing consequences, their occurrence may decrease.

This process relies on clearly defined contingencies—conditions under which certain behaviors are reinforced or punished. By manipulating these contingencies, behavior analysts can effectively teach new skills, reduce problematic behaviors, and promote meaningful changes in individuals' behavior. The systematic application of this approach is pivotal in various treatment settings, particularly in working with individuals with autism, where shaping and modifying behaviors are essential for progress.

The other options do not align with the core concept of contingency management. The immediate review of intervention outcomes refers to evaluation and feedback processes rather than the establishment of consequences. The assessment of underlying psychological conditions delves into diagnosis or therapy techniques rather than behavior modification through consequences. The categorization of behaviors solely would not incorporate the application of consequences necessary for behavior change and is thus outside the scope of contingency management principles.