Define what a 'token economy' is in behavior management.

A token economy is defined as a system where tokens are earned for exhibiting desired behaviors and can be exchanged for a reward. This approach is grounded in the principles of behavior analysis, particularly positive reinforcement. In a token economy, individuals receive tokens as a form of positive reinforcement for engaging in specific target behaviors. The accumulation of these tokens provides a tangible motivation for individuals to consistently display the desired behaviors, as they can later be traded for various rewards or privileges that serve as further reinforcement.

The effectiveness of this system lies in its structured reinforcement schedule, which encourages individuals to repeat the behaviors that earned them the tokens in the first place. This type of intervention is commonly used in educational settings, therapeutic environments, and treatment programs for individuals with autism and other behavioral challenges, helping to promote positive behavioral change through a clear and engaging reward system.